ASSESSING THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICS OF OPPOSITION, PARTY IDEOLOGY AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN NIGERIA: 1999- 2019
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ABSTRACT
The study examines the nature of opposition politics and party ideology in Nigeria and their attendant impacts on democratic consolidation in the fourth republic (1999 – 2019). The core concern in developing countries is how to consolidate democracy or make it permanent; and of importance to this is the trend and viability of opposition politics and party ideology. Party politics in Nigeria is characterized by absence of purposeful opposition and political parties that are founded on ideological distinctions, which are necessary for policy-oriented oppositions whose objectives go beyond mere jostling for political power, government positions and the associated benefits. Therefore, the study finds it imperative to examine the dynamics of politics of opposition and party ideology in relation to democratic consolidation in Nigeria. A cross-sectional research was conducted using purposively selected five political parties in Nigeria with parties’ representations in the national legislature forming the basis of selection. A sample of two thousand one hundred (2100) respondents comprising registered members of the five political parties was drawn across six (6) selected states one from each of the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The purposively selected sample was stratified along political party lines to achieve representativeness. The study also conducted one hundred and twenty (120) in-depth interviews amongst randomly selected members of the academia, journalists, ethnic and religious organizations as well as opinion leaders across the six selected states. The study utilized mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative data analysis technique to achieve the research objectives. Data gathered from two thousand and forty-six (2046) respondents were analyzed using chi square method to test for association between the variables derived from the research hypotheses. The study explored several theoretical perspectives in examining the issues of opposition politics and party ideology in relation to democratic consolidation such as disturbance theory. The theory is concerned with interest groups formed in part to counteract the efforts of other groups. According to this theory, anytime there is a disturbance in a political system, a group will arise in form of countermovement with one wave of groups giving way to another wave of groups representing a contrary perspective. The study found that opposition politics in Nigeria has not been based on principles and ideological persuasions but political patronage which partly manifested in incessant movements of political jobbers across party lines at such frequencies; a practice that has made development of viable oppositions impossible in Nigeria and which poses threat to democratic consolidation. One of the recommendations of the study is an amendment to the Constitution to limit if not to criminalize the practice of cross-carpeting among elected office holders in both the executive and legislative arms of government.
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